Beginning in the 1950s, Navajo Nation legislator Annie Dodge Wauneka continuously worked to promote public health; this ------ effort involved traveling throughout the vast Navajo homeland and writing a medical dictionary for speakers of Dine bizzad, the Navajo language. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Particle physicists like Ayana Holloway Arce and Aida El-Khadra spend much of their time ------------- what is invisible to the naked eye: using sophisticated technology, they closely examine the behavior of subatomic particles, the smallest detectable parts of matter. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

“To You” is an 1856 poem by Walt Whitman. In the poem, Whitman suggests that readers, whom he addresses directly, have not fully understood themselves, writing, ---- Which quotation from “To You” most effectively illustrates the claim?

Seminole/Muscogee director Sterlin Harjo ______ television’s tendency to situate Native characters in the distant past: this rejection is evident in his series Reservation Dogs, which revolves around teenagers who dress in contemporary styles and whose dialogue is laced with current slang. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Edith Nesbit’s 1906 novel The Railway Children. Mother did not spend all her time in paying dull [visits] to dull ladies, and sitting dully at home waiting for dull ladies to pay [visits] to her. She was almost always there, ready to play with the children, and read to them, and help them to do their home-lessons. Besides this she used to write stories for them while they were at school, and read them aloud after tea, and she always made up funny pieces of poetry for their birthdays and for other great occasions. According to the text, what is true about Mother?

Gospel music, known for its emotional vocals and strong religious themes, has been a crucial part of the African American cultural expression. However, it is often perceived as being solely about worship and spirituality. Consider the works of Mahalia Jackson, a gospel music legend, whose songs, while deeply spiritual, also voiced themes of social justice and racial equality. This depth is not unique to Jackson's music; many gospel songs echo these broader themes, revealing the genre's complexity and relevance beyond the walls of the church. What does the text suggest about the gospel music genre?

The following text is adapted from Mary Shelley's 1818 novel "Frankenstein." The protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, has just finished his creation. Despite its horrific countenance, there was a peculiar fascination that was attached to the creature. It was not beautiful, but there was an awe-inspiring aura that it exuded. As used in the text, what does the word "countenance" most nearly mean?

In the mountains of Brazil, Barbacenia tomentosa and Barbacenia macrantha—two plants in the Velloziaceae family—establish themselves on soilless, nutrient-poor patches of quartzite rock. Plant ecologists Anna Abrahão and Patricia de Britto Costa used microscopic analysis to determine that the roots of B. tomentosa and B. macrantha, which grow directly into the quartzite, have clusters of fine hairs near the root tip; further analysis indicated that these hairs secrete both malic and citric acids. The researchers hypothesize that the plants depend on dissolving underlying rock with these acids, as the process not only creates channels for continued growth but also releases phosphates that provide the vital nutrient phosphorus. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’ hypothesis?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • The magnificent frigatebird (fregata magnificens) is a species of seabird that feeds mainly on fish, tuna, squid, and other small sea animals. • It is unusual among seabirds in that it doesn’t dive into the water for prey. • One way it acquires food is by using its hook-tipped bill to snatch prey from the surface of the water. • Another way it acquires food is by taking it from weaker birds by force. • This behavior is known as kleptoparasitism. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two ways a magnificent frigatebird acquires food. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: •Pterosaurs were flying reptiles that existed millions of years ago. •In a 2021 study, Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan analyzed fragments of pterosaurjawbones located in the Sahara Desert. •She was initially unsure if the bones belonged to juvenile or adult pterosaurs. •She used advanced microscope techniques to determine that the bones had few growth lines relative to the bones of fully grown ptero saurs. •She concluded that the bones belonged to juveniles. The student wants to present the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • The calendar used by most of the world (the Gregorian calendar) has 365 days. • Because 365 days can’t be divided evenly by 7 (the number of days in a week), calendar dates fall on a different day of the week each year. • The Hanke-Henry permanent calendar, developed as an alternative to the Gregorian calendar, has 364 days. • Because 364 can be divided evenly by 7, calendar dates fall on the same day of the week each year, which supports more predictable scheduling. The student wants to explain an advantage of the Hanke- Henry calendar. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

In ancient Greece, an Epicurean was a follower of Epicurus, a philosopher whose beliefs revolved around the pursuit of pleasure. Epicurus defined pleasure as “the absence of pain in the body and of trouble in the -------- that all life’s virtues derived from this absence. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English

Renowned Marine Biologist Dr. Liam Wallace and his team found that habitat degradation—the harm to the environment in which species live—escalates extinction rates. Conservation groups can combat this impact by restoring damaged habitats, but these efforts, though they vary in scale, are largely ______ species diversity, so conservation groups that undertake habitat restoration will likely prioritize regions with a high diversity of species over areas with fewer species. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In 1937, Chinese American screen actor Anna May Wong, who had portrayed numerous villains and secondary characters but never a heroine, finally got a starring role in Paramount Pictures’ Daughter of Shanghai, a film that --------- “expanded the range of possibilities for Asian images on screen.” Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Educational researchers, Dr. Maya Shen and Dr. Ethan Locke, have tracked a growing reliance on online learning platforms for educational instruction. Online learning offers flexible and accessible education opportunities, reducing geographical constraints. However, it can face difficulties in ensuring student engagement, providing personalized instruction, and maintaining academic integrity. Furthermore, their study indicates that as the number of online learners increases, the burden on platform servers and the potential for technical glitches may rise significantly. Therefore, for online learning to remain a viable option for education, _____

At two weeks old, the time their critical socialization period begins, wolves can smell but cannot yet see or hear. Domesticated dogs, ------- can see, hear, and smell by the end of two weeks. This relative lack of sensory input may help explain why wolves behave so differently around humans than dogs do: from a very young age, wolves are more wary and less exploratory. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The classic children’s board game Chutes and Ladders is a version of an ancient Nepalese game, Paramapada Sopanapata. In both games, players encounter “good” or “bad” spaces while traveling along a path; landing on one of the good spaces----------- a player to skip ahead and arrive closer to the end goal. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 2010, archaeologist Noel Hidalgo Tan was visiting the twelfth-century temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia when he noticed markings of red paint on the temple ______ the help of digital imaging techniques, he discovered the markings to be part of an elaborate mural containing over 200 paintings. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In his groundbreaking book Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America, Vivek Bald uses newspaper articles, census records, ships’ logs, and memoirs to tell the ------------ who made New York City their home in the early twentieth century. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

FIGURE

Credited Film Output of James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr Individual Some researchers studying Indigenous actors and filmmakers in the United States have turned their attention to the early days of cinema, particularly the 1910s and 1920s, when people like James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr (known professionally as Red Wing) were involved in one way or another with numerous films. In fact, so many films and associated records for this era have been lost that counts of those four figures’ output should be taken as bare minimums rather than totals; it’s entirely possible, for example, that ------------ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?

Researchers studying magneto sensation have determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in the Southern Hemisphere move in the opposite direction of Earth’s magnetic field when searching for -- -----in the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic field points down, into the ground, but in the Southern Hemisphere, it points up, toward the surface and away from worms’ food sources. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The parasitic dodder plant increases its reproductive success by flowering at the same time as the host plant it has latched onto. In 2020, Jianqiang Wu and his colleagues determined that the tiny dodder achieves this ----- with its host by absorbing and utilizing a protein the host produces when it is about to flower. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In the tranquil hamlet of Tranquil Tale, it is often said that Story teller Sam knows more about the myths and legends of the land than any historian. Sam's storybook, incredibly thick and dog-eared, appears to be an extension of his very soul, overflowing with narratives. It opens so wide in his hands that it appears to engulf him in its embrace, and it has an antique look, as if it has been turned and returned through many a decade. When Sam closes his storybook, the folktales don't fly out like startled birds, but stay nestled safely, silently residing within his deep understanding of the lore. Based on the text, how do people in Tranquil Tale most likely regard Storyteller Sam?

In documents called judicial opinions, judges explain the reasoning behind their legal rulings, and in those explanations they sometimes cite and discuss historical and contemporary philosophers. Legal scholar and philosopher Anita L. Allen argues that while judges are naturally inclined to mention philosophers whose views align with their own positions, the strongest judicial opinions consider and rebut potential objections; discussing philosophers whose views conflict with judges’ views could therefore------ Which choice most logically completes the text

In addition to being an accomplished psychologist himself, Francis Cecil Sumner was a ______ increasing the opportunity for Black students to study psychology, helping to found the psychology department at Howard University, a historically Black university, in 1930. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In 1453, English King Henry VI became unfit to rule after falling gravely ill. As a result, Parliament appointed Richard, Third Duke of York, who had a strong claim to the English throne, to rule as Lord Protector. Upon recovering two years later, ------------ forcing an angered Richard from the royal court and precipitating a series of battles later known as the Wars of the Roses. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English

The following text is from Edith Wharton’s 1905 novel The House of Mirth. Lily Bart and a companion are walking through a park. Lily had no real intimacy with nature, but she had a passion for the appropriate and could be keenly sensitive to a scene which was the fitting background of her own sensations. The landscape outspread below her seemed an enlargement of present mood, and she found something herself in its calmness, breadth, long free reaches. On the nearer slopes the sugar-maples wavered like pyres of light; lower down was a massing of grey orchards, and here and there the lingering green of an oak-grove. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?